Assistance all.owl
type: Ontology
version info: creator Bernd Krieg-Brückner, DFKI (c) version 0.4

contributor
type: AnnotationProperty
range: string

creator
type: AnnotationProperty
range: string

hasPostScene
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Transition
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Transition
range: Scene
creator: BKB

hasPreScene
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Transition
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Transition
range: Scene
creator: BKB

includesEnvRole
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Scene
domain: Scene
range: EnvRole Scene
creator: BKB

annotates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith AnnotationDocument
inverse of: isAnnotatedBy
domain: AnnotationDocument
range: Entity
creator: BKB

associatedWith-Episode
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Sequence
sub property of: associatedWith-Situation
creator: BKB

associatedWith-InformationObject
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-SocialObject
comment: from DUL

associatedWith-Scene
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Situation
creator: BKB

associatedWith-Transition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Situation
creator: BKB

directlyFollows
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: follows
inverse of: directlyPrecedes
domain: Entity
range: Entity
comment: from DUL

directlyPrecedes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: precedes
domain: Entity
range: Entity
comment: from DUL

executesTask
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Transition
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Transition
range: Task
creator: BKB

follows
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Entity
inverse of: precedes
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Entity
range: Entity
comment: from DUL

hasContent
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: hasComponent
inverse of: isContentOf
domain: Physical object
range: Physical object
creator: BKB

hasFirst Transition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Episode
sub property of: hasFirst
inverse of: isFirstOf Transition
domain: Episode
range: Transition
creator: BKB

hasLast
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Sequence
inverse of: lastOf
domain: Sequence
range: Entity
creator: BKB

hasLast Transition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Episode
sub property of: hasLast
inverse of: isLastOf Transition
domain: Episode
range: Transition
creator: BKB

hasPart
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Entity
inverse of: isPartOf
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Entity
range: Entity
comment: transitive version of hasComponent

hasSeqElem Transition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Episode
sub property of: hasSeqElem
inverse of: isSeqElemOf Transition
domain: Episode
range: Transition
creator: BKB

includesArtifactRole
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Scene
domain: Scene
range: ArtifactRole Scene
creator: BKB

isFirstOf Transition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Transition
domain: Transition
range: Episode
creator: BKB

isLastOf Transition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Transition
domain: Transition
range: Episode
creator: BKB

isPartOf
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Entity
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Entity
range: Entity
comment: transitive version of isComponentOf

isSeqElemOf Transition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Transition
domain: Transition
range: Episode
creator: BKB

lastOf
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Entity
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Entity
range: Sequence
creator: BKB

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Entity
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Entity
range: Entity
comment: from DUL

pred
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directlyPrecedes
inverse of: succ
domain: Entity
range: Entity
creator: BKB
comment: directlyPrecedes in time

pred Transition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Transition
inverse of: succ Transition
domain: Transition
range: Transition
creator: BKB

refinesTransition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Episode
sub property of: hasFirst
domain: Episode
range: Transition
creator: BKB

succ
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directlyFollows
domain: Entity
range: Entity
creator: BKB
comment: directlyFollows in time

succ Transition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Transition
domain: Transition
range: Transition
creator: BKB

transact
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Scene
domain: PreScene
range: PostScene
creator: BKB
comment: transition relation corresponding to executesTask

requiresDevice
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Device
domain: Device
range: Device
comment: a crosswise relation between devices intended for consistency checking: if A requiresDevice B, then C hasDevice A and C hasDevice B must hold for a common ancestor C of A and B.

affects
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: associatedWith-Disease
domain: Disease
range: Impairment
comment: principally from Disease to Impairment, but also from Impairment to Impairment, thus transitive; see also special transitivity for subrelations

associatedWith-Person
type: ObjectProperty
comment: note also Data Properties - hasBirthDate

has data value
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A datatype property that encodes values from a datatype for an Entity. There are several ways to encode values in DOLCE (Ultralite): 1) Directly assert an xsd:_ value to an Entity by using hasDataValue 2) Assert a Region for an Entity by using hasRegion, and then assert an xsd:_ value to that Region, by using hasRegionDataValue 3) Assert a Quality for an Entity by using hasQuality, then assert a Region for that Quality, and assert an xsd:_ value to that Region, by using hasRegionDataValue 4) When the value is required, but not directly observed, assert a Parameter for an xsd:_ value by using hasParameterDataValue, and then associate the Parameter to an Entity by using isConstraintFor 5) When the value is required, but not directly observed, you can also assert a Parameter for a Region by using parametrizes, and then assert an xsd:_ value to that Region, by using hasRegionDataValue The five approaches obey different requirements. For example, a simple value can be easily asserted by using pattern (1), but if one needs to assert an interval between two values, a Region should be introduced to materialize that interval, as pattern (2) suggests. Furthermore, if one needs to distinguish the individual Quality of a value, e.g. the particular nature of the density of a substance, pattern (3) can be used. Patterns (4) and (5) should be used instead when a constraint or a selection is modeled, independently from the actual observation of values in the real world.
label: ha valore @it

has event date
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has data value
domain: Event
range: date
comment: A datatype property that encodes values from xsd:date for an Event; a same Event can have more than one xsd:date value: begin date, end date, date at which the interval holds, as well as dates expressed in different formats: xsd:gYear, xsd:dateTime, etc.
label: evento ha data @it

has interval date
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has data value
domain: Entity
range: date
comment: A datatype property that encodes values from xsd:date for a TimeInterval; a same TimeInterval can have more than one xsd:date value: begin date, end date, date at which the interval holds, as well as dates expressed in different formats: xsd:gYear, xsd:dateTime, etc.
label: intervallo ha data @it

note
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: hasAnnotationText
domain: Entity
range: string
comment: note as a data item, e.g. a note on a product to be purchased in a shopping list
label: Notiz @de

has parameter data value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has data value
comment: Parametrizes values from a datatype. For example, a Parameter MinimumAgeForDriving hasParameterDataValue 18 on datatype xsd:int, in the Italian traffic code. In this example, MinimumAgeForDriving isDefinedIn the Norm ItalianTrafficCodeAgeDriving. More complex parametrization requires workarounds. E.g. AgeRangeForDrugUsage could parametrize data value: 14 to 50 on the datatype: xsd:int. Since complex datatypes are not allowed in OWL1.0, a solution to this can only work by creating two 'sub-parameters': MinimumAgeForDrugUsage (that hasParameterDataValue 14) and MaximumAgeForDrugUsage (that hasParameterDataValue 50), which are components of (cf. hasComponent) the main Parameter AgeRangeForDrugUsage. Ordering on subparameters can be created by using or specializing the object property 'precedes'.
label: ha valore @it

name
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: hasAnnotationText
domain: Entity
range: string
comment: name as a data item, e.g. the name/title of a recipe
label: Name @de

endurance | stamina
type: Class
subclass of: MotoricAbility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: compensatedByAssistance
  some values from: UpHillForceAssistance

FingerAbility
type: Class
subclass of: TactileMotoricAbility
comment: Input Device Usage Ability

HandAbility
type: Class
subclass of: TactileMotoricAbility
comment: Input Device Usage Ability

MultiModalMotoricAbility
type: Class
subclass of: MotoricAbility
comment: Input Device Usage Ability

TactileMotoricAbility
type: Class
subclass of: MultiModalMotoricAbility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: compensatedByAssistance
  some values from: SpeechAssistance
comment: Input Device Usage Ability

Abstract
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
comment: Any Entity that cannot be located in space-time. E.g. mathematical entities: formal semantics elements, regions within dimensional spaces, etc.
label: Astratto @it
version info: BKB: FormalEntity deleted

Action
type: Class
subclass of: Event
comment: An Event with at least one Agent that isParticipantIn it, and that executes a Task that typically isDefinedIn a Plan, Workflow, Project, etc.
label: Azione @it

Amount
type: Class
subclass of: Region
disjoint with: Physical attribute
disjoint with: Space region
disjoint with: Time interval
comment: A quantity, independently from how it is measured, computed, etc.
label: Betrag @de
label: Quantità @it

AnnotationDocument
type: Class
subclass of: InformationObject
creator: BKB

Annotation Episode
type: Class
subclass of: AnnotationDocument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: annotates Episode
  some values from: Episode
creator: BKB
comment: a Sequence of Annotation_Transitions

Annotation Transition
type: Class
subclass of: AnnotationDocument
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: annotates Transition
  some values from: Transition
creator: BKB
comment: an AnnotationDocument for a single Transition of an Episode

AutonomousDevice
type: Class
subclass of: Device
subclass of: Physical agent
creator: BKB
comment: Due to the changing times, also an alternative for a PhysicalAgent

Biological object
type: Class
subclass of: Physical body

Chemical object
type: Class
subclass of: Physical body

Classification
type: Class
subclass of: Situation
comment: A special kind of Situation that allows to include time indexing for the classifies relation in situations. For example, if a Situation s 'my old cradle is used in these days as a flower pot' isSettingFor the entity 'my old cradle' and the TimeIntervals '8June2007' and '10June2007', and we know that s satisfies a functional Description for aesthetic objects, which defines the Concepts 'flower pot' and 'flower', then we also need to know what concept classifies 'my old cradle' at what time. In order to solve this issue, we need to create a sub-situation s' for the classification time: 'my old cradle is a flower pot in 8June2007'. Such sub-situation s' isPartOf s.
label: Classificazione @it

Collection
type: Class
subclass of: Social object
comment: Any container for entities that share one or more common properties. E.g. "stone objects", "the nurses", "the Louvre Aegyptian collection", all the elections for the Italian President of the Republic. A collection is not a logical class: a collection is a first-order entity, while a class is second-order.
label: Collezione @it

Collective
type: Class
subclass of: Collection
comment: A Collection whose members are agents, e.g. "the nurses", "the Italian rockabilly fans". Collectives, facon de parler, can act as agents, although they are not assumed here to be agents (they are even disjoint from the class SocialAgent). This is represented by admitting collectives in the range of the relations having Agent in their domain or range.
label: Collettivo @it

Collective agent
type: Class
subclass of: Social agent
comment: A SocialAgent that is actedBy agents that are (and act as) members of a Collective. A collective agent can have roles that are also roles of those agents. For example, in sociology, a 'group action' is the situation in which a number of people (that result to be members of a collective) in a given area behave in a coordinated way in order to achieve a (often common) goal. The Agent in such a Situation is not single, but a CollectiveAgent (a Group). This can be generalized to the notion of social movement, which assumes a large Community or even the entire Society as agents. The difference between a CollectiveAgent and an Organization is that a Description that introduces a CollectiveAgent is also one that unifies the corresponding Collective. In practice, this difference makes collective agents 'less stable' than organizations, because they have a dedicated, publicly recognizable Description that is conceived to introduce them.
label: Agente collettivo @it

Community
type: Class
subclass of: Collective agent
label: Comunità @it

Concept
type: Class
subclass of: Social object
disjoint with: Description
disjoint with: Situation
disjoint with: Social agent
comment: A Concept is a SocialObject, and isDefinedIn some Description; once defined, a Concept can be used in other Description(s). If a Concept isDefinedIn exactly one Description, see the LocalConcept class. The classifies relation relates Concept(s) to Entity(s) at some TimeInterval
label: Concetto @it

Configuration
type: Class
subclass of: Collection
subclass of: Physical artifact
comment: A collection whose members are 'unified', i.e. organized according to a certain schema that can be represented by a Description. Typically, a configuration is the collection that emerges out of a composed entity: an industrial artifact, a plan, a discourse, etc. E.g. a physical book has a configuration provided by the part-whole schema that holds together its cover, pages, ink. That schema, based on the individual relations between the book and its parts, can be represented in a reified way by means of a (structural) description, which is said to 'unify' the book configuration.
label: Configurazione @it
version info: the additional subclassOf DesignedArtifact is new here

Description
type: Class
subclass of: Social object
disjoint with: Situation
disjoint with: Social agent
comment: A Description is a SocialObject that represents a conceptualization. It can be thought also as a 'descriptive context' that uses or defines concepts in order to create a view on a 'relational context' (cf. Situation) out of a set of data or observations. For example, a Plan is a Description of some actions to be executed by agents in a certain way, with certain parameters; a Diagnosis is a Description that provides an interpretation for a set of observed entities, etc.
label: Descrizione @it

Designed artifact
type: Class
subclass of: Physical artifact
comment: A PhysicalArtifact that is also described by a Design. This excludes simple recycling or refunctionalization of natural objects. Most common sense 'artifacts' can be included in this class: cars, lamps, houses, chips, etc.
label: Artefatto progettato @it

Device
type: Class
subclass of: Designed artifact
creator: BKB

Entity
type: Class
comment: Anything: real, possible, or imaginary, which some modeller wants to talk about for some purpose.
label: Entità @it
version info: BKB: explicit union deleted InformationEntity deleted

Episode
type: Class
subclass of: Plan execution
subclass of: Sequence
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasFirst Transition
  some values from: Transition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasLast Transition
  some values from: Transition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSeqElem Transition
  some values from: Transition
creator: BKB
comment: a linear Sequence of Transitions, each governed by a Task

Event
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
disjoint with: Quality
comment: Any physical, social, or mental process, event, or state. More theoretically, events can be classified in different ways, possibly based on 'aspect' (e.g. stative, continuous, accomplishement, achievement, etc.), on 'agentivity' (e.g. intentional, natural, etc.), or on 'typical participants' (e.g. human, physical, abstract, food, etc.). Here no special direction is taken, and the following explains why: events are related to observable situations, and they can have different views at a same time. If a position has to be suggested here anyway, the participant-based classification of events seems the most stable and appropriate for many modelling problems. (1) Alternative aspectual views Consider a same event 'rock erosion in the Sinni valley': it can be conceptualized as an accomplishment (what has brought a certain state to occur), as an achievement (the state resulting from a previous accomplishment), as a punctual event (if we collapse the time interval of the erosion into a time point), or as a transition (something that has changed a state to a different one). In the erosion case, we could therefore have good motivations to shift from one aspect to another: a) causation focus, b) effectual focus, c) historical condensation d) transition (causality). The different views refer to the same event, but are still different: how to live with this seeming paradox? A typical solution e.g. in linguistics (cf. Levin's aspectual classes) and in DOLCE Full (cf. WonderWeb D18 axiomatization) is to classify events based on aspectual differences. But this solution would create different identities for a same event, where the difference is only based on the modeller's attitude. An alternative solution is applied here, and exploits the notion of (observable) Situation; a Situation is a view, consistent with a Description, which can be observed of a set of entities. It can also be seen as a 'relational context' created by an observer on the basis of a 'frame'. Therefore, a Situati…
label: Evento @it

Event type
type: Class
subclass of: Concept
disjoint with: Parameter
disjoint with: Role
comment: A Concept that classifies an Event . An event type describes how an Event should be interpreted, executed, expected, seen, etc., according to the Description that the EventType isDefinedIn (or used in)
label: Tipo di evento @it

Group
type: Class
subclass of: Collective agent
comment: A CollectiveAgent whose acting agents conceptualize a same SocialRelation .
label: Gruppo @it

Local concept
type: Class
subclass of: Concept
comment: A Concept that isDefinedIn exactly 1 Description. For example, the Concept 'coffee' in a 'preparesCoffee' relation can be defined in that relation, and for all other Description(s) that use it, the isConceptUsedIn property should be applied. Notice therefore that not necessarily all Concept(s) isDefinedIn exactly 1 Description.

Natural person
type: Class
subclass of: Person
subclass of: Physical agent
comment: A person in the physical commonsense intuition: 'have you seen that person walking down the street?'
label: Persona fisica @it

Norm
type: Class
subclass of: Description
comment: A social norm.
label: Norma @it

Object
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
comment: Any physical, social, or mental object, or a substance
label: Oggetto @it
version info: BKB: Agent deleted (still exists as PhysicalAgent, SocialAgent)
version info: BKB: explicit disjoint union deleted should Object, Abstract, Event, Quality be disjoint?

Organism
type: Class
subclass of: Biological object
comment: A physical object with biological characteristics, typically that organisms can self-reproduce.
label: Organismo @it

Organization
type: Class
subclass of: Social agent
comment: An internally structured, conventionally created SocialAgent, needing a specific Role and Agent that plays it, in order to act.
comment: Un agente sociale strutturato internamente e creato convenzionalmente. Per agire, ha bisogno di ruoli e agenti che li ricoprano. @it
label: Organizzazione @it

Parameter
type: Class
subclass of: Concept
disjoint with: Role
comment: A Concept that classifies a Region; the difference between a Region and a Parameter is that regions represent sets of observable values, e.g. the height of a given building, while parameters represent constraints or selections on observable values, e.g. 'VeryHigh'. Therefore, parameters can also be used to constrain regions, e.g. VeryHigh on a subset of values of the Region Height applied to buildings, or to add an external selection criterion , such as measurement units, to regions, e.g. Meter on a subset of values from the Region Length applied to the Region Length applied to roads.
label: Parametro @it

Physical agent
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
subclass of: Physical object
comment: A PhysicalObject that is capable of self-representing (conceptualizing) a Description in order to plan an Action. A PhysicalAgent is a substrate for (actsFor) a Social Agent
label: Agente fisico @it

Physical artifact
type: Class
subclass of: Physical object
comment: Any PhysicalObject that isDescribedBy a Plan . This axiomatization is weak, but allows to talk of artifacts in a very general sense, i.e. including recycled objects, objects with an intentional functional change, natural objects that are given a certain function, even though they are not modified or structurally designed, etc. PhysicalArtifact(s) are not considered disjoint from PhysicalBody(s), in order to allow a dual classification when needed. E.g., FunctionalSubstance(s) are included here as well. Immaterial (non-physical) artifacts (e.g. texts, ideas, cultural movements, corporations, communities, etc. can be modelled as social objects (see SocialObject), which are all 'artifactual' in the weak sense assumed here.
label: Artefatto fisico @it

Physical attribute
type: Class
subclass of: Region
disjoint with: Space region
disjoint with: Time interval
comment: Physical value of a physical object, e.g. density, color, etc.
label: Caratteristica fisica @it

Physical body
type: Class
subclass of: Physical object
comment: Physical bodies are PhysicalObject(s), for which we tend to neutralize any possible artifactual character. They can have several granularity levels: geological, chemical, physical, biological, etc.
version info: BKB: Substance deleted

Physical container
type: Class
subclass of: Physical object
comment: A PhysicalContainer can be either: - a Designed Container as a PhysicalArtifact - a BiologicalContainer as an OrganismPart
version info: BKB: a new definition here

Physical object
type: Class
subclass of: Object
comment: A constituent is a component PhysicalObject, graded with Intensity up to level 6. An ingredient is a component PhysicalObject, graded with Significance up to level 3
comment: Any Object that has a proper space region. The prototypical physical object has also an associated mass, but the nature of its mass can greatly vary based on the epistemological status of the object (scientifically measured, subjectively possible, imaginary).
label: Oggetto fisico @it
version info: BKB: disjointness between PhysicalObject and SocialObject deleted because NaturalPerson=SocialPerson is introduced for simplicity

Physical place
type: Class
subclass of: Physical object
comment: A physical object that is inherently located; for example, a water area.
label: Luogo fisico @it

Place
type: Class
subclass of: Social object
comment: A location, in a very generic sense: a political geographic entity (Roma, Lesotho), a non-material location determined by the presence of other entities ("the area close to Roma"), pivot events or signs ("the area where the helicopter fell"), complements of other entities ("the area under the table"), etc. In this generic sense, a Place is an "approximate" location. For an "absolute" location, see the class SpaceRegion
label: Luogo @it

Plan
type: Class
subclass of: Description
comment: A Description having an explicit Goal, to be achieved by executing the plan
label: Piano @it

Plan execution
type: Class
subclass of: Situation
comment: Plan executions are situations that proactively satisfy a plan. Subplan executions are proper parts of the whole plan execution.
label: Esecuzione di piano @it

PostScene
type: Class
subclass of: Scene
comment: scene after a Transition, capturing postconditions

PreScene
type: Class
subclass of: Scene
comment: scene before a Transition, capturing preconditions

Process
type: Class
subclass of: Event
comment: This is a placeholder for events that are considered in their evolution, or anyway not strictly dependent on agents, tasks, and plans. See Event class for some thoughts on classifying events. See also 'Transition'.
label: Processo @it

Project
type: Class
subclass of: Plan
comment: A Plan that defines Role(s), Task(s), and a specific structure for tasks to be executed in relation to goals to be achieved, in order to achieve the main goal of the project. In other words, a project is a plan with a subgoal structure and multiple roles and tasks.
label: Progetto @it

Quality
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
comment: Any aspect of an Entity (but not a part of it), which cannot exist without that Entity. For example, the way the surface of a specific PhysicalObject looks like is a Quality, while the encoding of that Quality into e.g. a PhysicalAttribute should be modeled as a Region. From the design viewpoint, the Quality-Region distinction is useful only when individual aspects of an Entity are considered in a domain of discourse. For example, in an automotive context, it would be irrelevant to consider the aspects of car windows for a specific car, unless the factory wants to check a specific window against design parameters (anomaly detection). On the other hand, in an antiques context, the individual aspects for a specific piece of furniture are a major focus of attention, and may constitute the actual added value, because the design parameters for old furniture are often not fixed, and may not be viewed as 'anomalies'.
label: Qualità @it

Region
type: Class
subclass of: Abstract
comment: Any region in a dimensional space (a dimensional space is a maximal Region), which can be used as a value for a quality of an Entity . For example, TimeInterval, SpaceRegion, PhysicalAttribute, Amount, SocialAttribute are all subclasses of Region. Regions are not data values in the ordinary knowledge representation sense; in order to get patterns for modelling data, see the properties: representsDataValue and hasDataValue
label: Regione @it

Role
type: Class
subclass of: Concept
comment: A Concept that classifies an Object
label: Ruolo @it

Scene
type: Class
subclass of: Situation
comment: a situation, i.e. reification of participating objects, agents, etc., before (PreScene) or after (PostScene) a Transition

Sequence
type: Class
subclass of: Collection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasFirst
  some values from: Entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasLast
  some values from: Entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasSeqElem
  some values from: Entity
creator: BKB
comment: a Collection of entities of the same class, with a succedes relation (often succ, i.e. directly succedes in time), and hasFirst, hasLast

Situation
type: Class
subclass of: Social object
disjoint with: Social agent
comment: A view, consistent with ('satisfying') a Description, on a set of entities. It can also be seen as a 'relational context' created by an observer on the basis of a 'frame' (i.e. a Description). For example, a PlanExecution is a context including some actions executed by agents according to certain parameters and expected tasks to be achieved from a Plan; a DiagnosedSituation is a context of observed entities that is interpreted on the basis of a Diagnosis, etc. Situation is also able to represent reified n-ary relations, where isSettingFor is the top-level relation for all binary projections of the n-ary relation. If used in a transformation pattern for n-ary relations, the designer should take care of creating only one subclass of Situation for each n-ary relation, otherwise the 'identification constraint' (Calvanese et al., IJCAI 2001) could be violated.
label: Situazione @it

Social agent
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
subclass of: Social object
comment: Any individual whose existence is granted simply by its social communicability and capability of action (through some PhysicalAgent).
label: Agente sociale @it

Social object
type: Class
subclass of: Object
comment: Any Object that exists only within some communication Event, in which at least one PhysicalObject participates in. In other words, all objects that have been or are created in the process of social communication: for the sake of communication (InformationObject), for incorporating new individuals (SocialAgent, Place), for contextualizing existing entities (Situation), for collecting existing entities (Collection), or for describing existing entities (Description, Concept). Being dependent on communication, all social objects need to be expressed by some information object (information object are self-expressing).
label: Oggetto sociale @it
version info: BKB: explicit union deleted

Social attribute
type: Class
subclass of: Region
comment: Any Region in a dimensional space that is used to represent some characteristic of a SocialObject, e.g. judgment values, social scalars, statistical attributes over a collection of entities, etc.
label: Caratteristica sociale @it

Social person
type: Class
subclass of: Person
subclass of: Social agent
comment: A SocialAgent that needs the existence of a specific NaturalPerson in order to act (but the lifetime of the NaturalPerson has only to overlap that of the SocialPerson).
label: Persona sociale @it
version info: Formerly: Person (changed to avoid confusion with commonsense intuition)

Space region
type: Class
subclass of: Region
disjoint with: Time interval
comment: Any Region in a dimensional space that is used to localize an Entity ; i.e., it is not used to represent some characteristic (e.g. it excludes time intervals, colors, size values, judgment values, etc.). Differently from a Place , a space region has a specific dimensional space.
label: Regione di spazio @it

Task
type: Class
subclass of: Event type
comment: An EventType that classifies an Action to be executed. For example, reaching a destination is a task that can be executed by performing certain actions, e.g. driving a car, buying a train ticket, etc. The actions to execute a task can also be organized according to a Plan that is not the same as the one that defines the task (if any). For example, reaching a destination could be defined by a plan to get on holidays, while the plan to execute the task can consist of putting some travels into a sequence.

Time interval
type: Class
subclass of: Region
comment: Any Region in a dimensional space that aims at representing time.
label: Intervallo di tempo @it

Transition
type: Class
subclass of: Situation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasPostScene
  some values from: Scene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasPreScene
  some values from: Scene
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: executesTask
  some values from: Task
creator: BKB
comment: from original DUL axioms new

Type collection
type: Class
subclass of: Collection
comment: A Collection whose members are the maximal set of individuals that share the same (named) type, e.g. "the gem stones", "the Italians". This class is very useful to apply a variety of the so-called "ClassesAsValues" design pattern, when it is used to talk about the extensional aspect of a class. An alternative variety of the pattern applies to the intensional aspect of a class, and the class Concept should be used instead.
label: Collezione di un tipo @it

Unit of measure
type: Class
subclass of: Parameter
comment: Units of measure are conceptualized here as parameters on regions, which can be valued as datatype values.
label: Unità di misura @it

Workflow
type: Class
subclass of: Plan
comment: A Plan that defines Role(s), Task(s), and a specific structure for tasks to be executed, usually supporting the work of an Organization

Workflow execution
type: Class
subclass of: Plan execution
label: Esecuzione di workflow @it

eWheelchair3DDrivingAssistant
type: Class
subclass of: eWheelchair2DDrivingAssistant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: requiresDevice
  min qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: LaserScanner

Apoplexy | Stroke
type: Class
subclass of: die Ernährung beeinträchtigende Krankheit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects-2MuchWorse
  some values from: CognitiveImpairment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects-2MuchWorse
  some values from: PhysicalImpairment
comment: A rapid loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain
label: Apoplex | Schlaganfall @de

BalanceImpairment
type: Class
subclass of: MotoricImpairment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: impliesAbility
  some values from: AgilityAbility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: impliesAbility
  some values from: GaitAbility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: impliesAbility
  some values from: SteadyPostureAbility
comment: same as body coordination impairment?

Cardiac disease
type: Class
subclass of: physische Krankheit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects0Neutrally
  some values from: EnduranceImpairment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects0Neutrally
  some values from: StrengthImpairment
label: Herzerkrankung @de

Gastritis
type: Class
subclass of: physische Krankheit
comment: An inflammation of the lining of the stomach
label: Gastritis | Magenschleimhautentzündung @de

Gastroesophageal reflux disease
type: Class
subclass of: physische Krankheit
label: Gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit @de

Hemiparesis
type: Class
subclass of: physische Krankheit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects0Neutrally
  some values from: BalanceImpairment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects0Neutrally
  some values from: EnduranceImpairment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects0Neutrally
  some values from: ExtremityImpairment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects0Neutrally
  some values from: StrengthImpairment
comment: Hemiparesis is weakness of the entire left or right side of the body

Hypertension
type: Class
subclass of: physische Krankheit
comment: High blood pressure
label: Hypertonie | Bluthochdruck @de

Hyperuricaemia
type: Class
subclass of: physische Krankheit
comment: An abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood
label: Hyperurikämie | Gicht @de

die Ernährung beeinträchtigende Krankheit
type: Class
subclass of: Disease

Neurodermatitis
type: Class
subclass of: physische Krankheit
label: Neurodermitis @de

Obesity
type: Class
subclass of: physische Krankheit
comment: A health endangering amount of body fat
label: Adipositas | Fettleibigkeit @de

Osteoporosis
type: Class
subclass of: physische Krankheit
comment: A disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture
label: Osteoporose @de

palsy | paralysis
type: Class
subclass of: physische Krankheit

Pancreatitis
type: Class
subclass of: physische Krankheit
comment: An inflammation of the pancreas
label: Pankreatitis | Bauchspeicheldrüsenentzündung @de

Parkinson's disease | idiopathic parkinsonism | primary parkinsonism | hypokinetic rigid syndrome | paralysis agitans
type: Class
subclass of: palsy | paralysis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects0Neutrally
  some values from: ExtremityImpairment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects0Neutrally
  some values from: TactileImpairment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects0Neutrally
  some values from: TremorImpairment
label: paralysis agitans

physische Krankheit
type: Class
subclass of: Disease

spastic cerebral palsy | bilateral spasticity
type: Class
subclass of: CerebralPalsy
subclass of: Spasticity

spinal muscular atrophy | wasting palsy
type: Class
subclass of: palsy | paralysis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects-1Worse
  some values from: MotoricImpairment

unbestimmtes Geschlecht
type: Class
subclass of: Gender
comment: can be used for arbitrary gender ("unisex", e.g. for clothes)

PersonAttribute
type: Class
subclass of: Social attribute
comment: person attributes are modelled for SocialPerson: however, note SocialPerson=NaturalPerson so some attributes such as BodySize apply there to Physical quantitites; moreoever, later attributes regarding Impairment, Ability etc. will also be regarded as PersonAttribute

Pseudonym
type: Class
subclass of: PersonName
comment: e.g. a PersonName as an Author

Hyperuricaemia
comment: An abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood
label: Hyperurikämie | Gicht @de

Hyperuricaemia
comment: An abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood
label: Hyperurikämie | Gicht @de

Hyperuricaemia
comment: An abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood
label: Hyperurikämie | Gicht @de

Hyperuricaemia
label: Hyperurikämie | Gicht @de
comment: An abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood

Hyperuricaemia
comment: An abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood
label: Hyperurikämie | Gicht @de

Hyperuricaemia
label: Hyperurikämie | Gicht @de
comment: An abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood

Hyperuricaemia
comment: An abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood
label: Hyperurikämie | Gicht @de

Hyperuricaemia
label: Hyperurikämie | Gicht @de
comment: An abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood

Hyperuricaemia
label: Hyperurikämie | Gicht @de
comment: An abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood

Hyperuricaemia
label: Hyperurikämie | Gicht @de
comment: An abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood

Hyperuricaemia
comment: An abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood
label: Hyperurikämie | Gicht @de